![]() ![]() This would need to be coupled with hungry dogs, cats, or some other free-ranging animal exhibiting a daily opportunistic foraging strategy. ![]() The most likely scenario conducive to secondary poisoning would be in those cases of severe or chronic rodent infestations where many rodents (particularly rats) would be poisoned over the course of days or weeks. Moreover, I personally cannot imagine any companion animal with this type of appetite being taken care of as a “beloved pet” around a typical dwelling.Īll this is not to say, however, that secondary poisoning is not possible. Still, consider the chances of the average client’s cat, dog, exotic animal, etc., encountering and entirely consuming enough rats on a periodic basis to accumulate enough poison to cause true secondary poisoning - not to mention enough rats dying above ground in areas accessible to a foraging non-target animal. Multiple feedings of these baits over a prolonged period would require significantly less dosages. The range depends on the particular active ingredient, the dog species and several other factors. Even with primary poisoning or secondary ingestion of bait, a 20-pound dog, for example, would need to consume anywhere from a minimum of 1.6 to 96 ounces of our two most popular bait actives (brodifacoum and bromadiolone) to obtain the value needed for a single-dose poisoning. Let’s examine why.įirst, most of the anticoagulant baits used for rodent control are formulated with low dosages of active ingredients ranging from 25 to 50 parts per million. Is secondary poisoning possible either via ingestion of the livers of dead rodents, or via secondary ingestion of rodent baits? Well, theoretically it is possible, but realistically, it is highly unlikely. Back to the original question posed by the homeowner about the cat. For the purposes of this discussion, we will consider secondary ingestion a component of secondary poisoning. In real-world situations, whether or not a non-target animal is poisoned by true secondary poisoning or via secondary ingestion (or both) is a moot point because for all practical purposes, it is indeterminable. An adult rat can consume up to 30 grams of bait per day, whereas a mouse typically ingests up to only 4 grams of bait. Secondary ingestion is much more of a concern with rat carcasses than with mice. Technically, the dog is directly consuming the bait along with the carcass, the same as it would if it were to eat the bait directly. a dog) consumes a rodent which still has undigested bait in its gut or mouth. Secondary ingestion is when one animal (e.g. Unlike primary poisoning, secondary poisoning typically involves repeated feedings on poisoned animal carcasses over several days or longer. an animal becoming ill or dying) depends on various factors such as the inherent toxicity of the rodenticide, the sensitivity of the animal ingesting the poisoned carcass, and of course, the amount of the toxicant and the time sequence of the bait being ingested. Thus, animals consuming the entire carcasses of poisoned animals can ingest the anticoagulant compounds when they consume the livers.īut whether or not actual secondary poisoning will occur (i.e. But are the anticoagulant rodenticides such as bromadialone, brodifacoum, difethialone and diphacinone toxic enough to cause secondary poisoning? According to experts on this subject, residues of digested anticoagulants can be found in the livers of poisoned rodents. Secondary poisoning refers to one animal being poisoned after consuming the flesh of another animal which has digested the poison. Primary poisoning is the principle means by which companion animals and other non-targets are hurt by rodenticides. Or, when a homeowner buys mouse bait in the supermarket and tosses the bait into a garage where his dog finds and eats the bait. in accessible areas, or not within a tamper-resistant bait station) into an area where non-target animals such as dogs or cats may encounter and feed upon the bait. This can occur when a bait is installed unprotected (i.e. Primary poisoning refers to an animal directly consuming a rodenticide bait. What is secondary poisoning? How does it differ from primary poisoning, or from secondary ingestion? By understanding the basic terms and concepts associated with the hazards and risks of using rodenticides, PCOs can remain informed and decrease the occurrences of harming non-target animals during rodent control programs. But similar questions are also of interest when we conduct rodent control around livestock farms, zoos, exotic animal farms and various animal-rearing facilities. If my cats eat mice that have died from your rodent baits, can they be secondarily poisoned?” This is one of the most frequently asked questions by our residential clients.
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